P…… ? Soap and Shipping Containers

Overseer

Western Thunderer
I need help working out what the P visible in this photograph is the beginning of and what the colours are.
Water tank P.jpg
It is a detail of this photograph taken (probably) in 1902 showing a water train at Boort during one of the drought years.
Water tanks.jpg

Trying to work out what the P is part of has already proved to be an interesting exercise, to me anyway. My first assumption was impossible because the product hadn't been invented at the time of the photograph.

A bit of background - the square iron tanks visible loaded 3 to a wagon were called 'ship tanks' or just square iron tanks. They were widely used in Australia and many other places for all sorts of purposes. These ones are 400 gallon tanks and are 4 feet x 4 feet x 4 feet, made of riveted wrought iron with a circular cast iron lid in the top. Most were manufactured in London, some in Liverpool and elsewhere. They were invented and patented by Richard Trevithick in 1808 and were the first standardised specially manufactured shipping containers anywhere. They were designed to stack together with no wasted space and to be watertight. By the second half of the 19th century they were all over the place so it made sense for the railways to use them when emergency water trains were needed.

ship tanks mallee.jpg ship tanks Wonthaggi.jpg

The tanks were filled with whichever product the manufacturer wanted to ship to the colonies, sealed and sent on their way. At their destination the tanks were sold or refilled and sent back. Some manufacturers chose to advertise on the outside of the containers.

My first thought was that the P was the beginning of Persil but that isn't possible as Persil was only invented in 1909 in Germany and was being made in England by 1914. So it couldn't be Persil in 1902.

The second thought is Pears Soap. This is possible and is probably the answer. The problem is that Pears used numerous lettering styles and colours, even though the manager, Thomas Barratt, is now known as the Father of Modern Advertising. He had lots of marketing ideas which still form the basis of the industry but he hadn't come up with the idea of a single brand image being endlessly repeated. From the internet -

pears soap red.jpg Pears soap thumbnail_Normanton_569.jpg pears soap e9c23bdb18db04afbbf00b57175f4948.jpg pears soap 2634.jpg

Anyone have any knowledge of Pears advertising before 1902 to provide guidance? Would it be capital letters or just capitalised first letters? The P visible in the first photo appears too big to fit Soap underneath, but maybe not as the print ads have all sorts of layouts.

Any ideas? Any other suggestions?
 

simond

Western Thunderer
The typeface looks suitable, but I doubt the Perrier existed, still less was shipped in wrought iron tanks...
 

Dog Star

Western Thunderer
Good to see that Fred Flinstone and Barny Rubble enjoy the benefits of Epsom Salts ;) . What can you tell us about the (non-railway) wagon and the use of the boxes in that picture?
 

Overseer

Western Thunderer
Good to see that Fred Flinstone and Barny Rubble enjoy the benefits of Epsom Salts ;) . What can you tell us about the (non-railway) wagon and the use of the boxes in that picture?
Not a lot. When I first saw the photo I thought it was an N gauge model.:) I think it was someones idea of a roller for flattening scrub while clearing land and the tanks are to hold the ballast to provide weight. Not sure if it was pulled by bullocks, horses, traction engine or tractor. Most rollers used to clear the Mallee were old boilers with an axle put through the middle. If it was a wagon it would not have been too successful with the small wheel diameter, horse drawn wagons used on the sandy soil in this area had wide tyres but larger diameter wheels to roll over the sand instead of digging in.

mallee roller pc002676.jpg
 

chrisb

Western Thunderer
...Any ideas? Any other suggestions?

In addition to water, I believe these tanks were originally designed for perishable goods since they could be hermetically sealed by (somehow) burning a piece of candle inside which created a partial vacuum after attaching the 'tight seal' lid to the container.

I've seen reference to use of these tanks by Terry's (chocolate and confections) and Keen's (mustard). I've also seen reference to bread and biscuits so one possibility might be Peek Frean's (according to Wikipedia "From 1861, the company started exporting biscuits to Australia").

Not a definitive answer I'm afraid but I'd be tempted to focus more on companies selling perishable goods to Australia. I'll keep digging for any other such 'P' companies.

Chris
 

Overseer

Western Thunderer
In addition to water, I believe these tanks were originally designed for perishable goods since they could be hermetically sealed by (somehow) burning a piece of candle inside which created a partial vacuum after attaching the 'tight seal' lid to the container.

I've seen reference to use of these tanks by Terry's (chocolate and confections) and Keen's (mustard). I've also seen reference to bread and biscuits so one possibility might be Peek Frean's (according to Wikipedia "From 1861, the company started exporting biscuits to Australia").

Not a definitive answer I'm afraid but I'd be tempted to focus more on companies selling perishable goods to Australia. I'll keep digging for any other such 'P' companies.

Chris
Yes, the tanks were widely used for transporting perishable goods. I am not sure I believe the burning candle story, I would think quite a bit of damage could be done to biscuits etc before all the oxygen was exhausted, and even if the oxygen was gone the other gases would still expand more than the volume lost as the tank was heated as it spent weeks crossing the tropics. There were two thicknesses of sheet iron used for the tanks, the dry goods ones were thinner but still ok for use as water tanks on land. There were also several sizes of screw on lids, but strangely all the ones I have seen have lids about 200mm diameter, maybe the thicker walled tanks for liquids have survived better.

Peek Frean's is possible but I can't find any use of a circle in their advertising or logos so I think it is unlikely that the photo shows one of their ship tanks.
 

Yorkshire Dave

Western Thunderer
Could the Boort photo have been taken post 1910 or does the evidence point to 1902?

If it's post 1910 then I think the P is from Persil as Henkel started marketing Persil overseas in 1910, 3 years after it was released in 1907 and manufactured under licence in the UK from 1909 - the dates are from Henkel's Persil history pages. Although the loop of the P is larger in the photo than that shown on the 1910 package below for the overseas markets (USA in this case), again, from Henkel.de website. In Europe Persil was sold in green boxes.

In the photo the P appears inside a white circle which contains a dark background. This could be red as early b&w film was not red sensitive therefore red appears black. In Europe Persil was sold in green boxes.

On the other hand I could be totally wrong........ :confused:.1910-persil-werbung-usa-jpg.jpg
There is an Australian Persil advertising film, although dated 1946, the packet shown is similar to the above.
Video Overview Persil Washing Powder: Their Day (1946) on ASO - Australia's audio and visual heritage online

Not sure if it was pulled by bullocks
I suspect they were hauled by bullocks, Arthur Upfield make references to bullock teams and drays is his early novels. They appear to be the favoured heavy motive power plant prior to the internal combustion engine.
 

Overseer

Western Thunderer
Persil was my first thought but the photograph date is definitely between November 1901 and November 1902.

Emergency water trains were running daily from Boort to the end of the line at Ultima from 1901 until November 1902 when the major drought, now known as the Federation drought, broke. Water was pumped by VR from Lake Boort to supply locomotive feed water so this system was used during the drought to provide drinking water to the farmers north of Boort. By 1910 the railways had built enough purpose built water tank wagons, and converted redundant tenders, to not need to use temporary conversions for water trains.

From the Argus newspaper, 15 October 1902 -
Argus drought 1902.jpg

This may well be the same rake with a one of the specially built water tank wagons behind the tender to carry the supplementary supply for the loco.
Rain Train Q class.jpg
Not sure of the date of this one but probably after 1905 on the Mildura line showing more of the standard WT wagons followed by a converted Beyer Peacock tender and a few temporary conversions.
Water Train V class.jpg

Emergency water trains only ran in a handful of years. The earliest image I have found so far is this one from 1882 and the artist seems to have depicted a flat wagon with three ships tanks mounted on it, as were used in a few years during the 1890s and in 1902.
Water train 1882.jpg

Sorry for veering off topic. I do find the background research interesting.
 

Yorkshire Dave

Western Thunderer
Like you I find the research just as fascinating as building the models. What's the US looking loco in the second photo?

Initially it's hard to think Victoria has droughts when the state is on the south eastern corner so to speak where it always appears lush. Just checked - the drought area shown in the newspaper article is north west of the Great Dividing Range.

Incidentally could the P be for Pillsbury? According to Wikipedia they were brought by a British company in 1889 but there is no mention of exports.
 

Overseer

Western Thunderer
Like you I find the research just as fascinating as building the models. What's the US looking loco in the second photo?

Initially it's hard to think Victoria has droughts when the state is on the south eastern corner so to speak where it always appears lush. Just checked - the drought area shown in the newspaper article is north west of the Great Dividing Range.

Incidentally could the P be for Pillsbury? According to Wikipedia they were brought by a British company in 1889 but there is no mention of exports.
The US looking loco is one of the locally built copies of a Baldwin 2-8-0. One was imported in 1899 and then 15 copies built by Phoenix Foundry in Ballarat in 1901-2. There is more information at V class . They were the last foreign designed steam locos on the VR, apart from the two 2'6" gauge Garratts, everything later being locally designed and built (although North British built the R class and Vulcan Foundry built the J class after WW2 - both to VR drawings).

Quite a lot of Victoria has low rainfalls, even Melbourne only has an annual rainfall of about 650mm but half of it falls in summer so it doesn't dry out as much as it would if all the rainfall was during winter.

I had never heard of Pillsbury so if they did export to Aus they didn't do well here.
 

Yorkshire Dave

Western Thunderer
I'm glad the mystery is solved. Photographs turn up in the most unexpected places.

I would tend towards red as the background as I came across this 1905 magazine/journal advertisement on the internet. The lettering almost matches that shown on the container.

5871905101.jpg
 
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